HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA 

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 

INTRODUCTION

Technological advances paved the way for the emergence of the twentieth-century electronic mass media as the public's demand for information and entertainment increased. As nations moved from agrarian-to industrial-based societies, the production of mass media was impacted by enormous social changes. Mass media have constantly developed and adapted to changing demands and technological opportunities, from the plain, primitive printing techniques of yesteryear to today's sophisticated digital communications that canvas the globe. Throughout their short history, the mass media have had an immense influence on every country's political, social, economic, and cultural developments. The following sections trace the growth of the different mass media, beginning as the oldest mass media with books, newspapers, and magazines. A broader spectrum of mass media has emerged over the years, incorporating modern and traditional modes of technology and information.

 

HISTORY OF 

PRINTED MEDIA  

Newspaper

The first regularly (weekly) published newspaper emerged in Paris in 1631, and others popped up in Florence, Rome, and Madrid over the next few decades. While radio, television, and online news serve that function for most people now, newspapers were the first mass medium to collect and disseminate such information. In more than a hundred years, big cities like London and Paris have had about two hundred newspapers including being published daily, weekly and interval from other days. Newspaper, as we know newspapers are a source of information in the country or abroad providing coverage on events, current issues and news.

Timeline of Events in Newspaper  Publishing

1690s	First newspaper in North America in Boston. Banned after the first issue.
1704s	The Boston News-Letter is the first newspaper published regularly.
1721s- 1729s	Benjamin Franklin publishes New England Courant and runs the Pennsylvania Gazette.
1784s	The first daily newspaper is published in the United States.
1833s	Founder of the New York Sun, changes the pricing, distribution, and content of newspapers
1848s- 1955s	The Associated Press was formed and The Village Voice is published
1980s	The Columbus Dispatch is the first newspaper to publish content online.
1982s	USA Today is launched to challenges newspaper standing
1998s	An online gossip The Drudge Report

  

Magazine

Although newspapers were the first record of daily life in the United States, magazines were the first national mass media, reaching individuals in the late 1700s and 1800s throughout the growing nation. The growth and spread of print as a mass medium took hundreds of years, which seems like an eternity when compared to the spread of audiovisual media.

Timeline of Events in Magazine Publishing

Early 1800s.	The number of magazines increases to about one hundred in circulation by 1825
1828.- 1850s	The first women’s magazine, Ladies’ Magazine, is founded and marks the beginning of the trend toward targeting women as a distinct audience.
1865.	The Nation is published, which focuses on political opinion and caters toward a more educated and liberal readership.
1879–early 1900s.	These changes attract more advertisers, which allows magazine publishers to drop the price per issue below what it actually costs to produce the magazine
1900–1960.	Magazines play a key role in providing in-depth coverage of the World Wars and start to cover the cultural revolutions of the 1960s when they run into new challenges
1960s and 1970s	As television explodes as the new mass medium of choice, national magazines lose advertisers to the new audiovisual medium.
1970s–present day.	Magazines adapt by becoming more specialized, trying to appeal more to niche rather than general-interest audiences.

 

HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA  

Television

Television technology was actually first developed in the 19th century, before commercial radio was conceived of, when in 1897, Ferdinand Braun invented the cathode ray tube. The first time the cathode ray tube was used to produce images was in 1907. As early as 1876, Boston civil servant George Carey envisioned complete television systems, putting forward drawings for a “selenium camera” that would enable people to “see by electricity” a year later (Federal Communications Commission, 2005).

Timeline of Events in Television Publishing

1920s	First mechanical televisions used a rotating disk with holes by John Logie Baird & Charles Francis Jenkins
1927	First television was created by  21 years old by Philo Taylor Farnsworth. America’s first commercially produced television
1948- 1955	The world’s first television remote control was called “Tele Zoom” and The first “true” remote control was produced by Zenith
1963-1989	Television surpasses newspapers as an information source . NBC calls itself the full color network and Pay Per View begin to leave its mark on television
1996	Digital satellite dishes 18 inches in diameter hit the market
2005- 2010	Falt screen TVs and HDTV are introduced for the first time and Sony release its Blu-ray disc format, capable of holding up to27GB despite being the same size as a DVD. 3D televisions start hitting the market

  

Telephone

A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone to speak into and an earphone which reproduces the voice in a distant location. The dial may be located either on the handset or on a base unit to which the handset is connected.

                   Timeline of Events in Telephone Publishing

1794	Signaling system that connects Paris and Lilie
1838	Morse shows the electric telegraph in the United
1876	Bell invented the telephone
1893	Marconi invented telegraphy without wire
1955	Attempt communication via optical fiber
1967	Telephone without wire
1979	Cellular telephone networks in Japan

 Radio

Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz and 300 gigahertz . In radar, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft and missiles, a beam of radio waves emitted by a radar transmitter reflects off the target object, and the reflected waves reveal the object's location. Radio waves were first identified and studied by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1886.

 Timeline of Events in Radio Publishing

1888	Heinrich Hertz prove the existence of radio waves
1899	Loud speakers introduced
1901	Marconi sent radio signals
1903	Advances in radio technology
1919	Short-wave radio introduced
1952	Small transistor radio was introduced by Sony
1984	Players compact disc (CD) in the market

 

 

HISTORY OF THE NEW MEDIA

New media are forms of media that are computational and rely on computers for redistribution. Some examples of new media are computer animations, computer games, human-computer interfaces, interactive computer installations, websites, and virtual worlds.

Timeline of Events New Media

1989	Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web
1992	Tim Berners-Lee posts the first photo ever to be on the internet .
1993	CERN introduces the World Wide Web to the world.
1994	‘Yahoo!’ is created by Stanford University graduate students .
1996	Nokia, the first mobile phone with internet capabilities.
1997	Electronics companies agree to make Wi-Fi a  for wireless Internet.
1998	AOL launches AOL 4.0 and inundates American homes with CD-ROM mailers.
1999	‘Yahoo!’ buys GeoCities for $3.6 billion.  AOL acquires Time Warner for $165 billion.
2001	Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded and launched Wikipedia.
2002	Microsoft launches Xbox Live, its online multiplayer gaming service.
2003	Apple launches the iTunes Music Store with 200,000 songs at 99¢ each.
2004	Mozilla releases Firefox 1.0 and Google acquires YouTube for $1.65 billion.
2007	Apple releases its first touch screen iPhone, priced at $499 for 4GB and $599 for 8G.
2008	HTML5 is introduced.
2009	Twitter raises $98 million from investors, valuing the company at a $1 billion.
2010	Apple releases its touchscreen tablet computer, the iPad.
2011	Microsoft buys Skype for $8.5 billion.
2012	Facebook reaches 1 billion monthly active users.
2013	Apple says app store downloads top 40 billion, with 20 billion in 2012 alone.
2014	Facebook buys messaging app Whatsapp for $19 billion.
2015	Instagram, the photo-sharing site, reaches 400 million users.
2016	The number 1 Youtube video to go viral in 2016 — Adele singing on James Corden’s .
2017	Apple launched their new iphone X.

 

HISTORY OF MEDIA COMMUNICATION

 IN   MALAYSIA

Printed Media

In Malaysia, the advertising industry had started many decades ago. Today, newspapers and magazines are among the most popular advertising media among advertisers and companies alike. This is because Malaysians are known to be avid readers despite the growing popularity and demand for online content and media.

Timeline Print Media in Malaysia

1805	Newspapers began publication
1998	There are 34 kinds of daily newspapers in the country -5  (Malay Language) -10 (English Language) -15  (Chinese Language) -4  (Tamil Language)  There are 115 types of magazines published each month -          Most magazines are published in English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil

       

Electronic  Media : Radio

Radio is an audio device of passing messages to a large audience. Radio can also be seen as a medium used for sending and receiving messages through the air using electronic waves. Birch, brought the first radio set into the country. He then established the Johore Wireless Association and commenced broadcasting through 300 meter waves (Dol Ramli; 1979).

 

                               Timeline of Events in Radio Publishing in Malaysia

 

1930-1937	Singapore Port Authority commenced its short wave broadcast every fortnight either on Sundays or Wednesdays
1942-1946	Japanese took over and used the existing radio channels in Penang, Malacca, Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Singapore to transmit Japanese propaganda.
1950	Broadcasting activities in Malaya were operated from its temporary studio in Jalan Young (now know as Jalan Cenderasari) in Kuala Lumpur
1963	First time Malaysia formed in radio ("INILAH RADIO MALAYSIA")
1969	Radio and Television were merged under the Ministry of Information.
1975	Radio Muzik (Muzik Radio) was launched

Electronic  Media : Television

Malaysian television broadcasting was introduced on 28 December 1963. Colour television was introduced on 28 December 1978. Full-time colour transmissions were officially inaugurated on New Year's Day 1982. There are currently 8 national free-to-air terrestrial television stations in Malaysia and 2 national pay subscription television stations in Malaysia.

Timeline of Events in Television Publishing in Malaysia

1963	Television broadcast begins
1969	Broadcast television for second channel was introduced
1978	Private television broadcasts began operating (TV3 - STMB)
1995	The onset of pay TV services- Mega TV
1996	Pay-TV via satellite - Astro (using a digital broadcasting system)
Oct, 2001	Mega TV service stopped